I World War

For Monday: Questions 9 to 13

1. Which cities have enjoyed a massive growth in the beginning of the 20^th century?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2.  What are the main causes of the dangerous situation in Europe?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3. Why did mistrust spread throughout Europe?

___________________________________________________________________

4. Why did the great power sign several treaties?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

5. What were the main alliances?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

6. How did World War I start?

___________________________________________________________________

7. Why did the major powers begin declaring war on one another?

___________________________________________________________________

8. Complete:

_________________invaded________________through neutral_________because of this action ________joined forces with the_______________ against __________

9. Why was it called the “Great War”?

___________________________________________________________________

10. Where were the boundaries of the Western front’s trenches?

___________________________________________________________________

11. What’s the meaning of “no man’s land”?

___________________________________________________________________

12. How did technology change the war?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

13. What was life like in the trenches?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Definitions

Trade Unions: a union formed by workers of various trades in order to stand up for their rights.

Marxism: political philosophy which stands up for the end of private property would bring to the gradual disappearance of classes in order to achieve the ideal communist society that is to say classless society. It was created by Marx and Engels during the nineteenth century.

Anarchism: political philosophy which stands up for the exaltation of individual freedom and social solidarity. They criticised the private property and the advocated forms of collective ownership. They rejected all sort of authority, mainly the state. They defended the revolutionary action of the workers and peasants to destroy the state and create a collectivist and egalitarian society. It was created by Proudhon and Bakunin.

Imperialism: the idea of increasing a country’s political or economic control by colonising other countries. Imperialism is the domination of one country’s political, economic or cultural life by another.

Dividing Africa: colonisation of Africa and its division in the Berlin Conference (1885)

Consequences of Imperialism/Colonialism

The impact of European Civilisation		Economic Changes	Social and Cultural changes
ADVANTAGES FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE	DISADVANTAGES FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE	-Colonisers possessed the land -the production was sent to  the metropole -Indigenous people were forced to use money and to use capitalist system -indigenous people were forced to work the land for low wages or food. -Craftsmen were ruined: they couldn’t compete with the industrial production and its prizes.	-Loss of indigenous identity, culture and language (Acculturation fenomena) -Social and racial segregation
-Built infrastructures (ports, roads and railways) -Creation of hospitals -Introduction of vaccinations and better hygiene (population increased) -Built schools	- turning virgin spaces into agricultural areas -There was any consideration with indigenous people’s culture and language -The demographic growth destroyed the balance between population and resources (chronic lack of food) -Imposed European culture, customs, language and religion

Trade Unions, Anarchism and Marxism

6.2. Workers

- Factory workers formed the industrial and urban proletariat. It was a very numerous and disadvantaged group.

-In the beginning there was no legislation which established the conditions of employment of workers.

- As a result, conditions of life and work seemed harsh: a working day was 12 to 14 hours long and with an insufficient remuneration.

6.3. The first workers' associations

- The first reaction of the workers was their opposition to mechanisation.

-Their protests were directed towards the destruction of machinery and the burning of industrial establishments.

- Meanwhile, some sectors of workers realized they were part of the same social class, with the same problems. To defend their interests, they created workers' organizations called, Trade Unions: a union formed by workers of various trades.

7. A MARXISM, ANARCHISM AND INTERNATIONALISM

7.1. Marxism and socialism

- In the middle of the nineteenth century, Marx and Engels denounced the exploitation of the working class and defended the need for a workers' revolution to destroy capitalism.

- The end of private property would bring to the gradual disappearance of classes in order to achieve the ideal communist society that is to say classless society.

- From the last third of the nineteenth century, Marxists proposed the creation of socialist labour parties.

7.2. Anarchism

- Anarchism thinkers (Proudhon, Bakunin, ...) who had in common three basic principles:

• The exaltation of individual freedom and social solidarity.

• The criticised the private property and the advocated forms of collective ownership.

• The rejection of authority, mainly the state.

• They defended the revolutionary action of the workers and peasants to destroy the state and create a collectivist and egalitarian society.

7.3. Internationalism

- Marxists and anarchists advocated the need to unite the efforts of the working class all around the world to fight against capitalism.

- On Marx's initiative, in 1864, the International Workers Association (TIA) was created which will united marxists, anarchists and trade unionists.

- After the differences and internal clashes in the AIT in 1889, some Socialist leaders founded in Paris the Second International (International Socialist).

Power point to go in depth into Imperialism

Text Analysis

Colonial Organisation

Stages for creating a colony

Reasons of Imperialism (Listening activity)

Reasons:

-European population grew during that period, improve standards of living and medical advances and people lived longer: a larger population meant more food and work

-Economic conditions in Europe were poor for many: peasants need to have the possibility of owning their own land.

-Many young Europeans left because they were disillusioned and frustrated by the economic and political situation at home. 

Juegos para aprender las capitales de África

Juego 1
Juego 2

CAPITALS OF AFRICA

Alphabetical list of capital cities in Africa

Country	Capital city
A
Algeria	Algiers
Angola	Luanda
B
Benin	Porto-Novo
Botswana	Gaborone
Burkina Faso	Ouagadougou
Burundi	Bujumbura
C
Cabo Verde	Praia
Cameroon	Yaoundé
Central African Republic	Bangui
Chad	N'Djamena
Comoros	Moroni
Congo, Republic of the	Brazzaville
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Kinshasa
Cote d'Ivoire	Yamoussoukro
D
Djibouti	Djibouti (city)
E
Egypt	Cairo
Equatorial Guinea	Malabo
Eritrea	Asmara
Ethiopia	Addis Ababa
G
Gabon	Libreville
Gambia	Banjul
Ghana	Accra
Guinea	Conakry
Guinea-Bissau	Bissau
K
Kenya	Nairobi
L
Lesotho	Maseru
Liberia	Monrovia
Libya	Tripoli

Country	Capital city
M
Madagascar	Antananarivo
Malawi	Lilongwe
Mali	Bamako
Mauritania	Nouakchott
Mauritius	Port Louis
Morocco	Rabat
Mozambique	Maputo
N
Namibia	Windhoek
Niger	Niamey
Nigeria	Abuja
R
Rwanda	Kigali
S
Sao Tome and Principe	São Tomé
Senegal	Dakar
Seychelles	Victoria
Sierra Leone	Freetown
Somalia	Mogadishu
South Africa	Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judicial)
South Sudan	Juba
Sudan	Khartoum
Swaziland	Mbabane
T
Tanzania	Dodoma
Togo	Lomé
Tunisia	Tunis
U
Uganda	Kampala
Z
Zambia	Lusaka
Zimbabwe	Harare

IMPERIALISM

1. What’s the definition of imperialism?

Imperialism is the domination of one country’s political, economical or cultural life by another.

2. How was the way of life of the people living in colonies?

They are oppressed, abused and, in some cases, even killed.

3. What factors prompted Europe’s imperialist expansion?

- Imperialism brought wealth and power for Europeans

-To make money for the conquerors

4. What were the problems of Africa?

It suffered economic problems and political divisions

5. What was the consequence of the “slave trade”?

It has drastically reduced the population of the African societies.

6. Why Europeans had the ability to move quickly and efficiently?

Because of the Industrial Revolution and the development of the technology: new weapons and the steam power for moving locomotives and ships.

7. What were the natural resources needed by Europeans?

Rubber and petroleum

8. Who were the “missionaries”?

They were people that exported the western way of life and religion. They built temples and schools throughout the colonies. Sometimes they fought against the political and economic goals of imperialist nations.

9. Where did one of the worst slave oppression occur? Who carried it out?

It occurred in the Congo, carried out by king Leopold and other wealthy Belgians.

10. Who is the writer of the novel “Heart of darkness”?

He is Joseph Conrad. It deals with the dark side of imperialism.